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What's the difference between a YubiKey and a Simple Hardware Token?

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CalNet 2-Step: YubiKeys and Hardware Tokens

UC Berkeley supports hardware-based methods for 2-Step authentication. These options are ideal for users who do not have a smartphone or who work in secure environments without cellular service.

1. What is the difference?

While both devices allow you to 2-Step without a phone, they function differently and have different availability:

YubiKey (Security Key) Simple Hardware Token (Legacy)

How to Use: Once inserted into a USB port, you simply touch the YubiKey. It automatically generates a code and completes the 2-Step for you.

Availability: Currently available for purchase or request. See below.

How to Use: You must manually type the 6-digit numerical code generated by the token into the 2-Step prompt on your screen.

Availability: No longer available for purchase or distribution. However, students who already have one can enroll it and use it to complete CalNet 2-Step.


2. How to Obtain a YubiKey

Recommended Models

U2F tokens can be set up through the self-service portal. For more information, see: How to Enroll a Security Key (KB0012341).


3. Using and Programming YubiKeys

The YubiKey is the current campus standard for hardware-based authentication. It is a durable, battery-free device that fits on a keychain.

Standard/Recommended Use (FIDO2/WebAuthn)

All modern web browsers support FIDO2, which is the easiest and most secure way to use a YubiKey. Once registered, you simply touch the key when prompted by CalNet.

Using YubiKeys as OTP Tokens

YubiKeys can also be configured as OTP (One-Time Password) tokens for use in non-web environments where a standard "touch to sign-in" prompt may not appear.

Recommendation: Programming a YubiKey as an OTP token is a complicated procedure. We highly encourage you to self-register your YubiKey using the standard FIDO2 method whenever possible.

If you specifically require your YubiKey to function as an OTP token, please email calnet-admin@berkeley.edu for programming assistance.


4. Technical References

Support: If you have questions about which hardware device is right for you, please contact the IT Help Desk (KB0014900).